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Second-hand evidence refers to information that is not derived from direct experience or observation, but rather sourced from what someone else has said or reported. This is clearly defined in the realm of legal procedures as hearsay, which encompasses statements made outside of the current courtroom proceeding. Hearsay is generally not admissible in court due to concerns about its reliability, as the original source of the statement is not present to verify the truth or context of the information.

In contrast, direct evidence is based on firsthand experiences or observations. Circumstantial evidence involves information that suggests a conclusion based on inference rather than direct proof. Expert testimony pertains to opinions provided by individuals with specialized knowledge or expertise on a subject, which can also be based on firsthand knowledge or research rather than second-hand accounts.

Thus, when focusing on what constitutes second-hand evidence, hearsay stands out as the correct categorization.