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A covert storage channel functions by enabling a method for processes to communicate in a way that is not intended or recognized by the system's security mechanisms. Specifically, it permits the indirect reading of shared storage locations. This type of channel exploits the storage mechanisms used by a system to allow one process to send information to another through a shared resource, such as file storage. The communication is typically covert because it is accomplished without proper authorization or oversight, which can lead to the unintentional disclosure of sensitive information.

Understanding the role of a covert storage channel is vital because it highlights potential vulnerabilities in system designs, especially in environments with strict confidentiality requirements. Systems must be designed to mitigate the risks associated with such channels to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access.