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The primary function of Data Manipulation Language (DML) is to query and update data. DML is a subset of SQL (Structured Query Language) that allows users to perform operations on data stored in a database. This includes inserting new data, updating existing records, deleting records, and retrieving specific information based on queries.

In the context of databases, querying refers to the ability to request data in a structured way, allowing users to extract meaningful information. DML commands, such as SELECT for retrieving data, INSERT for adding new records, UPDATE for modifying existing records, and DELETE for removing records, encompass the full range of operations needed to manipulate data effectively.

While other elements like data storage, security, and data retrieval are essential functions of database management systems, they fall under different categories. Data storage primarily involves the structural aspect of how data is saved within tables, while securing data access relates to access controls and authorization methods. Retrieving data without any modifications or updates pertains more to data retrieval functions, which are also essential but do not represent the full scope of DML. Therefore, querying and updating data is the defining characteristic of DML.