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An active-passive cluster configuration is characterized by one primary system, often referred to as the active node, carrying out all processing tasks, while other systems, known as passive nodes, remain on standby. This setup allows for high availability by ensuring that if the primary system fails, one of the passive nodes can take over operations seamlessly without data loss or significant downtime.

In this arrangement, the active node handles all workloads, while passive nodes continuously monitor the active system's health status. If a failure is detected, one of the passive nodes transitions to the active role, ensuring continuity of service. This model is particularly beneficial in environments where uptime and reliability are critical, as it minimizes the risk of system outages.

Other choices do not accurately represent an active-passive clustering approach. For instance, having all systems processing simultaneously describes an active-active configuration, where multiple nodes share the workload. Similarly, stating that only backup systems provide data services and that all systems have equal processing tasks at all times does not reflect the essential characteristic of an active-passive setup, where only one system is actively processing at any given time.